relation between oxygen saturation level and retionopathy of prematurity

Introduction: Oxygen therapy used for preterm infant disease might be associated with oxygen toxicity or oxidative stress. The exact oxygen concentration to control and maintain the arterial oxygen saturation balance is not certainly clear. We aimed to compare the efficacy of higher or lower oxygen saturations on the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity which is a major cause of blindness in preterm neonates

Methods: PubMed was searched for obtaining the relevant articles. A total of seven articles were included after studying the titles, abstracts, and the full text of retrieved articles at initial search. Inclusion criteria were all the English language human clinical randomized controlled trials with no time limitation, which studied the efficacy of low versus high oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry in preterm infants

Result: It can be suggested that lower limits of oxygen saturations have higher efficacy at postmesetural age of

Discussion: Applying higher concentrations of oxygen supplementations at mesentural age >/=32 weeks reduced the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Lower concentrations of oxygen saturation decreased the incidence and the development of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm neonates while applied soon after the birth

Conclusions: Targeting levels of oxygen saturation in the low or high range should be performed cautiously with attention to the postmesentural age in preterm infants at the time of starting the procedures

Postdural puncture headache: incidence and risk factors in children following intrathecal chemotherapy

To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of development of postdural puncture headache in children who had intrathecal chemotherapy injection. Two-hundred eighty patients [mean age, 7.23 +/- 3.92 years] who had intrathecal chemotherapy injection were studied prospectively during 2008-2009 in the pediatric ward of Dr. Sheikh hospital in Mashhad. Patients who had lumbar puncture for their chemotherapy drug injections were assessed daily for four days to detect postdural puncture headache. There were 172 [61, 4%] male patients and the remainder were female. Postdural puncture headache was detected in 41 patients [14.6%]. The body mass index did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Lumbar puncture [LP] attempts had a significant association with postdural puncture headache. The size and shape of the needle did not have a significant association with postdural puncture headache. LP attempts have a significant relationship with postdural puncture headache

8-year experience of esophageal atresia repair in Sarvar children hospital [Mashhad- IRAN]

Esophageal atresia [EA] is a congenital anomaly treated by surgical reconstruction. Some early postoperative complications may be encountered we assessed complications following EA repair in a large series of neonates with EA / TEF and in hospital mortality among a large series of our cases. 243 patients with EA / TEF that were treated operatively in Sarvar Children's Hospital from 2002 to 2010 were studied. Early post-operative complications in the ICU and surgery ward until hospital discharge were assessed. Mean age was 3.4 +/- 2.76 days. Primary repair was performed in 83.5% Mean hospital stay was 12.5 +/- 12.81 days. Respiratory problems and food intolerance were the most common early complications. In-hospital mortality rate decreased significantly during the last 8 years [from 17.6% to 4.7%]. Acceptable results and a growing survival rate were observed in this series of patients and we anticipate better results with improvements in minimally invasive methods

[Outcomes of rectopexy of rectal prolapse through anus by sub mucosal injection of 5% dextrose]

Considering the vast methods of rectal prolapsed, a very common condition in children, either surgical [by abdominal or perineal approach] or non-surgical [sclerozing agents' injection], the authors evaluated the therapeutic effects of injecting dextrose 50% through perineal rectopexy. All those referred patients with rectal prolaps to Dr. sheikh children hospital were included in this study. All were sub-mucusally injected 5 cc of dextrose 50% solution and the therapeutic results [recurrence and complications] were evaluated. During this study 46 patients were injected about 5 cc of dextrose 50% solution. All went through the operation without any complications and during a 6 month following up none of the complications such as fistulae, abscess formation, urinary retention, and mucosal necrosis were detected. Nine patients were re-injected due to the prolapsed recurrence however no complications occurred in the second operation. The described procedure is a simple, inexpensive, and repeatable one. Deflux has been suggested as the best sclorizing agent in articles but it is expensive. Sub-mucusally injection of dextrose 50% is a simple, inexpensive, and repeatable procedure with a 100% positive therapeutic results, therefore could be, suggested as a substitution procedure in treating children's rectal prolapsed